生物活性炭法深度处理纺织废水二级出水中生物活性的研究

采用上流式曝气生物活性炭法处理碱减量印染废水二级生物处理出水，利用TTC-脱氢酶活性（DHA）法监测反应器内DHA生物活性分布。研究发现反应器内生物炭表面附着生物膜活性较高，特别是反应器上部生物碳粒同样具有较高的DHA活性，这与反应器运行一年多能够保持对COD、色度和UV等较高去除率有一定关系。还研究了活性炭吸附、反应器反冲洗对DHA活性的影响。本研究为曝气生物活性炭法有效去除印染碱减量废水中难降解有机物提供了一定的理论依据。     

白腐真菌与嗜热性侧孢霉复配对棉花秸秆降解的影响

为了解决农业固体废弃物棉花秸秆还田后的快速降解问题,本研究以棉花秸秆在白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉复配下的微生物降解为研究内容,通过对白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉拮抗试验、白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉复配对棉花秸秆降解的最优条件组合筛选试验、白腐真菌与噬热性侧孢霉复配在田间降解秸秆的系列研究进行分析,结果表明:(1)白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉两种菌株共存时不相互抑制菌丝生长,菌株之间不发生拮抗反应,可以对两种菌株进行复配形成棉花秸秆降解菌群;(2)根据L9(34)正交试验结果,综合考虑温度、氮添加量、菌种类型和料水比这四种因素对棉花秸秆中木质素、纤维素和酸性洗涤纤维的降解效果,室内降解棉花秸秆在最优组合条件温度45℃、氮添加量3%、料水比1/2,复合菌群下的效果最好;(3)田间降解试验进一步验证了室内降解实验结果的可靠性,在冬季低温和降雪等情况下,为期50 d的田间试验中复配菌组对棉花秸秆降解率达到29.93%。后续实验需要在考虑实际土壤磷素含量情况下,确定适合于棉花秸秆降解的磷素补充量来促进棉花秸秆在田间快速降解。本研究对农业固体废弃物棉花秸秆在田间的快速降解提供了一种有效的方法,具有很好的实践意义。     

纺织洗布废水回用新工艺研究

纺织洗布废水具有较高的COD,浊度,电导率,处理此类废水一般都采用普通的生化处理使其达标排放。采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对广东某纺织品有限公司洗布废水的生化处理出水进行深度处理以达到企业确定的回用标准。经试验表明:臭氧投加量为30mg/L时,深度处理系统的COD去除率超过62.5%,出水COD控制在30mg/L以下,浊度<1NTU,完全达到企业确定的回用标准。纺织洗布废水回用新工艺具有处理成本很低,处理效果稳定,具有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

磷酸活化纺织固体废弃物制备活性炭及表征

以纺织固体废弃物为原料,磷酸为活化剂,采用一步活化法制备活性炭。采用正交实验研究了磷酸浓度、浸渍时间、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,借助氮吸附等温线、BET方程、BJH方程、SEM和FTIR分析了活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为磷酸浓度40%(质量分数)、浸渍时间24h、活化温度500℃、活化时间30min。最佳条件下活性炭碘值为967mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为112mL/g,BET比表面积为1107.51m2/g,总孔容积为1.239cm3/g,中孔容积为1.024cm3/g,中孔占82.65%。活性炭表面具有羟基、羰基、内酯基和多种含磷官能团。     

Advancing voluntary chemical governance? The case of the Swedish textile industry dialogue

Voluntary environmental governance is a widely used policy approach that has been criticized for its lack of effectiveness. This raises fundamental questions about how to design processes that can advance voluntary programmes in a way that makes them more successful. In this paper, we analyse a government-initiated dialogue process to phase out hazardous chemicals through voluntary action by the Swedish textile industry. The analysis shows that information transfer primarily motivated business participation, while consumer pressure, regulatory threats and traditions of government–business cooperation played minor roles. The institutional design of the dialogue ensured close interaction within a homogeneous group, but collective actions were limited by disagreement about the problems to be addressed, prior unilateral environmental commitments by leading companies, and ambivalent engagement. This case provides valuable insights into the effect of institutional design on the actual interplay between business and government and its effects on voluntary governance.     

印染污泥混燃特性及其燃烧动力学模型

采集了广东某印染污泥(YR)、造纸污泥(ZZ)及两种市政污水污泥(LJ、KFQ),利用热重法对不同来源污泥的单一及混合样在不同焚烧条件下进行了热重实验研究,并通过TG-DTG曲线计算了各试样的综合燃烧特性指数,获得了其燃烧动力学参数.结果表明,各单一试样的燃烧主要分为水分析出、挥发分析出、固定碳燃烧和残留物的燃烧和分解4个燃烧阶段,其中挥发分的析出制约着YR、KFQ、LJ污泥的整个燃烧过程,而ZZ污泥还受到固定碳燃烧阶段的显著影响.当向印染污泥中加入50%的KFQ市政污泥后,YR污泥的综合燃烧特性指数和可燃性指数分别提高了将近2倍和1.6倍.富氧(CO2/O2)燃烧可以提高印染污泥的后期燃烧强度,降低印染污泥燃烧阶段活化能,促进印染污泥的综合燃烧性能.采用积分法(Coats-Redfern方程)计算得到各燃烧阶段反应的机理方程及相应的活化能参数,发现第一挥发分峰前取反应级数n=0.5、峰后n=2,可描述各自阶段的燃烧反应机理,而第二挥发分峰没有显著规律.     

A review of textile industry: Wet processing,environmental impacts,and effluent treatment methods

The word “textile” means to weave and was taken from the Latin word “texere.” Nowadays, textiles not only fulfill humankind's basic necessity for clothing, they also allow individuals to make fashion statements. As one of the oldest industries, the textile industry occupies a unique place in India. It is responsible for 14% of the total industrial manufacture in India. However, the textile industry is also considered to be one of the biggest threats to the environment. Pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations are among the various stages of the industrial textile manufacturing process. These fabrication operations not only utilize huge quantities of power and water, they also generate considerable amounts of waste. The textile industry utilizes a number of dyes, chemicals, and other materials to impart the required qualities to the fabrics. These operations produce a significant amount of effluents. The quality of effluents is such that they cannot be put to other uses, and they can create environmental problems if they are disposed of without appropriate treatment. This review discusses different textile processing stages, pollution problems associated with these stages, and their eco‐friendly alternatives. Textile wet processing is described in detail, as it is the key process in the industry and it also generates the greatest amount of pollutants in textile processing. The environmental impact of textile effluents is discussed, as textile effluents not only impose negative effects on the quality of water and soil, they also imperil plant and animal health. In this paper, various methods for treating textile effluents are described. Discussion of physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment technologies of effluent treatment are included in this paper.     

防护服设计中时尚与功能性的协调作用

本文探讨了防护服的产品开发设计过程,重点考虑了怎样将时尚和功能这两个元素和谐地融入到防护服的产品开发中去。本文还列举了一些目前最新的防护服开发案例,也阐明了未来的纺织技术对防护服产生的影响。通过大量的防护服开发案例分析,文章传递着这样一个信息：在不久的将来,防护服会变得更具有保护功能,同时更适应人们的需求,这些需求包括了感官的、情感的、生态的和美观的等;与此同时,防护服的款式和设计也决定了它被接受的程度。     

纺织企业噪声职业危害风险评价及降噪措施

噪声是纺织业的主要职业危害之一。纺织企业生产车间的噪声不仅会影响到纺织生产的效率、工人的工作能力及安全,还会对纺织工人的健康造成危害,甚至导致职业病。以南方某纺织企业为研究对象,对其生产车间的噪声进行了调查测量,并采用职业病作业危害、职业接触风险评估二种评价方法,对该企业各生产工序的噪声职业危害进行风险评价,得出评价结论,从声源、声传播途径、个体防护及管理制度四个方面提出了降噪措施,以便更好地加强防治,预防减少噪声职业危害。     

印染污泥焚烧烟气污染控制案例分析

以广东省某两家印染厂的印染污泥焚烧项目为主要研究对象,从污泥处理技术路线、焚烧设备及烟气处理流程等各方面入手,对各厂印染污泥与煤混烧烟气中颗粒物、NOx、SO2、酸性气体(HF、HCl)和重金属等污染物的进行采样分析,并对各厂现有烟气污染物控制设施的运行效果进行调研,结果表明,布袋除尘的效果较为理想,除尘效率可达99%以上;使用印染废水作为吸收液的湿法脱硫技术对SO2及酸性气体的去除效果不理想;SNCR对NOx具有一定的去除效果,是一种较为经济、高效的脱硝技术;焚烧后,大部分重金属最终以飞灰的形式被除尘器去除,但仍有部分重金属如Hg在出口烟气中的浓度仍然很高,需要采取必要的措施控制烟气中的重金属. 此外,基于印染污泥焚烧实例分析,提出适于印染污泥与煤混烧烟气处理工艺流程.